Amino Acids

Sep 24, 2010 • By alanmcmyra •

Amino acids are critically important for life to exist and they have an important role in function such as the metabolism of an organism. They are the building blocks of proteins and form parts of coenzymes and aid in the biosynthesis of nutrients the body needs. All in all amino-acids are very important in nutrition and have a central part to play in food technology. Thisarticle will explain why amino-acids are so important and give you important knowledge you can use to eat healthy.

One of the most essential things for a healthy body is protein, after water it is the most abundant stuff that the body is made out of. Protein is required for the operation of enzymes, organs and muscles in the body. If you don't have enough protein then the chance that you will get some kind of disease increases quickly. A lack of amino-acids can cause heart-attacks, strokes and high blood pressure amongst other things.

There are many more different amino-acids that the body needs and they are divided into two groups. Essential amino-acids and non-essential amino-acids. Essential amino-acids are acids that the body can not create itself and so we need an outside source in order to get enough of them. This can be through food or through supplements. Essential amino-acids include: Valine, Tryptophan, Phenylaline, Threonine, Methionine, Lysine, Isoleucine and Leucine. We will take a closer look at two essential amino-acids.

The function of methionine together with argenine and glycine is to create creatine in the liver. Creatine is important for growing and maintaining muscles in the body. It can also create choline in order to synthesize Vitamin B12 which is an antioxidant. Antioxidants are important in order to protect cells from free radicals which contribute to aging and inflammation of cells. You can find this amino-acid in pork, whole milk, cheese, grapes, watermelon, cauliflower, sweet potato, celery and rice. The RDA of this particular amino-acid is 22mg per kg bodyweight for children and 13 mg for adults.

Lysine is another important amino-acid for the body. It cannot be synthesized within the body and so we need external sources of it. Together with zinc and Vitamin A and C we use it to to fight viral infectionsand also helps to regulate our appetite as well as help improve our concentration. To get enough of this amino-acid into your body you need to eat mango, apple, pork, milk, beef, papaya, spinach, beet root, potato, lentils, rice, cauliflower and cashew nuts.

Non-essential amino-acids include alanine, aspartic acids, glycine, serine, glutamic acid and tyrosine. There are also specific amino-acid requirements during growth phases such as when a child is growing up or when an adult is working out or otherwise improving their health. This is because amino-acids are the building blocks for protein. The proteins in our body can be divided into two kinds. Functional proteins which include hormones like insulin, thyroid hormone and digestive enzymes. Structural proteins are found in muscles, bones, cell walls and connective tissues. In addition amino-acids are also necessary for neurotransmitters, so that our brain cells can communicate with each other and so keep them healthy and working correctly.
As you can see getting enough amino-acids is essential for every aspect of your health and you should look to get all the amino-acids your body needs through a healthy diet based on fresh natural food and potentially through the use of supplements as well if you want to tackle a particular health issue or fitness goal.

Apr 24, 2009 • By Eric Glenn •

The role of L-Citrulline when it is used as a supplement is to improve blood flow in the body by converting to L-Arginine. The increase in L-Arginine provides benefits to the heart that are the result of a more easily flowing blood stream that is due to the effects that L-Arginine has on nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is a compound that relaxes blood vessels. The more relaxed the blood vessels are, the better they are able to handle the flow of blood that runs through them. The benefits of L-Citrulline and L-Arginine are intertwined. The result of improved production of nitric oxide and better blood flow helps to ease physical fatigue (and some would argue mental fatigue also) as well as improve sexual function in both men and women (although the change is most dramatically seen by men who had previously been suffering from impotence before beginning an L-Citrulline/L-Arginine dietary supplement).

Levels of L-Arginine and nitric oxide are found naturally in the system. Everyone already has them. But as we age the lifestyle choices that we make may weaken our body's and handicap our ability to produce the appropriate levels of nitric oxide and L-Arginine. When we are under a great deal of stress or suffering from an illness, production of these essential functions becomes much more difficult. Amino acid requirements are even higher. Failure to produce enough amino acids to fight a weakened immune system translates into a hindrance of the digestive process and a toxin overload in the tissues. This is because amino acids are the building blocks on which proteins are made in the body. Amino acids affect the exercise metabolisms as well as the enzymes needed for brain metabolism. Amino acids aid in the ability of reducing stress, empowers vitamins and minerals to do their specific jobs correctly, acts as neurotransmitters (the sending and receiving of messages by the brain), and aids in the communication between nerve cells in other parts of the body.

Essential amino acids are found in foods that are common and every day. Such a list of foodshigh in amino acids includes meat and poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy products. Yet one may have many reasons (i.e. allergies, being vegan or vegetarian, having a distaste for a particular food, etc.) to not want to consume these foods rich in the essential amino acids that the body would need to perform at peak levels. So a dietary supplement is available. L-Citrulline can provide the body with the amino acid kick start that it needs to convert to Arginine and increase the nitric oxide levels in the body.

As you can see anything that can aid the body in increasing amino acids and nitric oxide is going to do wonders to how your body functions and thus how you feel everyday. Thebenefits of using L-Citrulline as a dietary supplement are impressive, diverse and natural. These benefits are waiting to be had by the great majority of us (with the exception of those individuals currently on medication or receiving treatment that may not allow for the safe use of L-Citrulline or similar supplements). Talk to your doctor about whether or not L-Citrulline is right for you. Don't wait another day to start feeling more energetic both mentally and physically.

Aug 30, 2012 • By nathall •

L-Glutamine - the most abundant amino acid in muscle cells. It is released from the muscle during times of stress (during the hard strength training). This amino acid is an excellent anti-catabolic agent (protects the muscle from the catabolic activity of the hormone cortisol), which increases the amount of muscle cells and has a better immune system. Also, glutamine is a nonessential amino acid, ie human bodies can produce it yourself.

Options:

1. Regulation of protein synthesis.
2. Accelerating glycogen synthesis after exercise.
3. Recovery from strength training.

Because of its anti-catabolic properties and the fact that it accelerates glycogen synthesis after exercise, glutamine is best taken 20-30 minutes after your workout with a protein shake. In the days of rest, take glutamine with the last day of protein shakes. There is a lot of debate among experts about the dose of glutamine. I think that to start 3-5 grams would be enough. You need to give your stomach a little time to get used to this kind of supplement, and then increase the amount of 10-15 grams.

Side Effects

In the process of receiving glutamine, but slight abdominal discomfort in the first week, there was obnaruzhuno any other side effects. It is advisable to start taking glutamine in small doses (3 grams). Then this number can be increased to 10-15 grams per day, divided into 3 parts (1 serving in the morning and the other after a workout, and the third at bedtime). This is especially important to a diet, protect your muscles from the effects of cortisol.

Please remember that when you buy glutamine, like any other supplement, you must adhere to high quality brands:

    Prolab
    Universal
    Dymatize
    Power System
    Weider

Clenbuterol for local fat loss

As for practical advice on muscle mass with clenbuterol (necessarily accompanied by aromatizable steroids - do not forget!), They may be:

1. Train in the traumatic mode no more than one muscle group (maximum - 2).
2. Traumatic training should take place no more frequently than once a week.
3. Alternate traumatized muscle groups.
4. The dose of clenbuterol on the day of exercise, as has been said, should be around 300-400 mg (8-10 tablets of 40 mg), the drug must be taken before exercise, preferably 6-8 hours before it started.
5. In the remaining days of taking clenbuterol is not necessary.
6. After a workout, take higher doses of amino acids.

A special problem is often not total body fat burning, but local. Many are so-called "problem areas", the fat that do not want to burn, no matter what tricks. And if it burns down, then bringing along a few pounds we need these muscles. Injection of liquid clenbuterol help to burn fat just as a problem area.

Contrary to a widely held opinion, the local - "point" - the burning of fat may simply those who are trying to achieve, as a rule, this did not reach those areas in which direct their efforts. Adipose tissue, like muscle tissue, nerve fibers penetrated. The brain communicates with the tissues (including fat and) by neurotransmitters, which act in the role of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Both the first and second, it just so happened, are sufficiently powerful fat-burning hormones. In theory, we can burn fat just by one by an effort by sending neurotransmitters exactly where needed. But only in theory.

In practice, it is possible to direct the epinephrine and norepinephrine in the area where you want to achieve the accelerated burning of body fat, with the help of local injections of clenbuterol. It is worth to stress that if you expect to get visible results with just one or two injections, one should not even try this method, so that there was bitter disappointment. The visible result comes after a month and a half of regular multiple shots, and only against a background of fairly strict diet.

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Mar 04, 2010 • By adityapalav •

We generally say that Non veg foods are quality proteins containing all nine Essential amino acids.Then you will say why not Non-Veg: But looking at surrounding factors like
1) Cost,
2) Commercial production(Use of steroids in developing animals),
3) Pollution(Water pollution affecting fish etc.),
4) Preparation Methods (Use of microwave radiation for cooking which distorts the molecular structures of proteins.
Factors 2,3 & 4 affects the quality & digesstively & assimilation in the body.
Already the non veg proteins are not easy to digest & assimilate by nature.We also need to take special precautions to preserves non veg food.Also due to global warmingfood scarcity there is a campaign for avoiding non veg & getting converted to be veg which is also suppose to be healthy.
In India due to religious factor Non veg is eaten sparingly.We mostly depend on veg food.
In veg food milk is allowed but unused or misused (in team and coffee).Non other thancereals, pulses and dals gives us proteins that too of low quality individually.

Our body is made up of twenty two amino acids. Amino acids can not be stored in the body and daily needs is fulfilled through diet only. Body needs nine amino acids which are termed asessential amino acids. Other thirteen amino acids can be synthesized by our body in presence of nine essential amino acids.
It looks easy to consume only nine instead of twenty two. But we miss just one and two respectively in pulses and cereals. A set of six amino acids is common in both cereals and pulses.
Methionine is available in cereals but deficient in pulses. Lysine and threonine are present in pulses but absent in cereals.
This way it seems clear that we have to combine cereals with pulses.
Here note the point that our diet is mostly cereal based. We have to eat pulses at least 60 to 75 gms per day. i.e. three medium katories of thick cooked dal. (Which doesn't spreads when placed in a dish). We eat 3 to 4 times in a day and in that only 1 or 2 times we have pulses that too thin in nature.We eat only 20 to 25 grams of dal instead of 60 to 75 grams.
Thus our diet lacks in two essential amino acids 1) Lysine and 2) Threonine.

Mar 03, 2016 • By Susan Rey •

Determination of cystine

Theory
Cystine is easy to be broken during the protein hydrolyzed by hydrochloric acid. So here acid oxidation method is applied to oxidized cystine and cysteine into cysteic acid, which can be detected on an automatic amino acid analyzer and then compared to standard cysteic acid tocalculate its content. This method has been proven to be suitable for the detection of cystine in food.

Equipments and reagents
Hydrolyzed bottles: a rigid tube, volume is 20 ~ 30mL, rinsing with deionized water and drying and evaporator. Performic acid: mixing 9ml pure formic acid with 1ml 30% hydrogen oxidized and placing at room temperature for 2 hours or more.

Experimental steps:
1.Acid oxidation
Weighing proper food sample with 5-10mg proteins in hydrolysis bottle, and adding 1ml performic acid reagent placed at room temperature for 3 hours. Adding 1mL of ethanol to terminate oxidation. And then putting the sample bottle in evaporator to dry at 45℃. Removing performic acid with deionized water rinsing bottle wall for 3 times.
2.Hydrochloric acid hydrolysis
3.On Bekman6300 automatic amino acid analyzer, eluting with pH3.25 citric acid buffer
4.Calculation

Determination of tryptophan

Principle
Tryptophan is easy to be decomposed in the presence of acid in protein solution. This method is to Hydrolyze protein with a base to detect the fluorescence of tryptophan directly. In protein hydrolyzate, only tryptophan and tyrosine can be detected with fluorescence. At pH 11, the fluorescence intensity of tryptophan is as 100 times strong as that of tyrosine and their fluorescence peaks is different. This method allows researchers to detect tryptophan's content in the presence of a large number of tyrosine.

Equipments and reagents

Fluorescence spectrophotometer, evaporator under reduced pressure, screw-cap jars, teflon tube, small glass balls and oven. 5mol / L NaOH: containing 0.5% soluble starch, 4mol / L urea (pH = 11), 6mol / L hydrochloric acid, bromothymol blue indicator: Weigh 0.1g bromothymol blue plus 0.1mol / L sodium hydroxide 1.6ml, dubbed aqueous solution of 0.05%, high-purity nitrogen (99.999% content), a toluene solution of octanol: octanol containing 1% and Tryptophan standard solution: (1mg / ml): weighing tryptophan standards dissolved with sodium hydroxide solution 0.005mol / L and stored in the refrigerator.

Experimental steps:

1.Weighing 5mg food sample with crude protein placed in a teflon tube. Adding 1ml 5mol/L sodium hydroxide containing soluble starch and one drop of octanol.
2.Covering tubes with small glass balls and putting into a screw-top big mouth glass bottle placed in the vacuum evaporation apparatus and cooled with ice and salt for 15min. And then filling nitrogen and repeating steps above for 3 times. And then tightening of the screw cap jars rapidly.
3.Putting the jars with nitrogen in the oven at 110℃ and then dissolving the sample for 22 hours.
4.Cooling jars washed with distilled water to 25ml volumetric flask. And then regulating pH to neutral with bromothymol blue as indicator, and marking with distilled water.
5.Pipette solution 1ml into 10 ml lidded test tube, and then diluting to the mark with pH11 4mol / L urea solution. Detecting fluorescence intensity at wavelength of 280nm and an emission wavelength of 360mm.
6.Calculating fluorescence intensity according to the standard curve.